浅忆中外见面礼仪的差异

1.浅谈中西方社交礼仪的差异

由于中西方社交礼仪上存在着差异，中西方人士在社会交往活动中常常会发生误会和冲突，其根本原因则是文化环境的差异形成的认知差异.本文主要分析了中西方礼仪在称谓称呼、见面交往礼节、宴客方面、禁忌与习俗、公务场合等的差异，归纳出中西方社交礼仪的各自特点，同时揭示了形成中西方礼仪差异性的社会环境和价值观等因素跨文化交际中，由于东方人和西方人有着不同的文化背景和风俗习惯，在社会交往活动中遵循各自不同的社交礼仪，礼仪是人与人之间进行感情交流，建立友谊发展的纽带.社交礼仪作为一种文化，是人们在生活中处理人际关系，是用来与人表达友谊情感的符号.然而就是因为文化不同引起的障碍而导致信息误解，甚至伤害对方的现象屡见不鲜.因此，知道文化差异和跨文化交际已是现在不可忽视的问题.本文从一般聚会进程为基础，从接待方式、见面问候、座次安排、用餐礼仪、衣着、餐后告辞和邀舞上比较，最后通过中西方国家的各自社交礼仪的特点，揭示了中西方在不同社会环境和价值观影响，形成了不同的社交礼仪.说明在跨文化交际中，要尊重相互习俗才能达到有效的交流.不同文化的七项对比 我国和西方国家商务交往最多.由于文化背景的不同，导致在具体礼仪上有很多截然不同的地方.具体来说有七个方面，必须首先有所了解1、对待赞美2、待客和做客3、谦虚和自我肯定4、劝告和建议5、个人隐私权6、时间安排7、礼尚往来。

2.中外见面礼仪对比

The international commerce etiquette is only in the entire worldwide scale, one kind of general commercial contact standard and rule. The different country needs to pay attention to the different manners and customs and the etiquette custom, the Chinese and foreign is able to discriminate, outside outside is able to discriminate. Below will chat from the commercial etiquette and various countries' commerce's angle, international commerce etiquette's civilized etiquette knowledge. Because of the job requirement, some people must do frequently with the foreign business circle. The commercial world public relations and the ordinary public relations' difference lies, has the strict rank relations and the regular meeting and the active way. , The person concerned must pay attention to oneself behavior the etiquette. “, if a person instinct odd and likes arguing, cannot make a clear distinction between right and wrong, then does not have what help to him. Therefore, a manner perfect merchant's quality, should be understood that others do need with the condition, how to understand to higher authority's instruction and the subordinate complaint or the objection.”((UK) Egypt. Uncle. Donald: "Modern West Etiquette" the 12th chapter) The commercial world public figure is fastidious about the behavior manner and the psychological bearing capacity, a successful merchant image lofty is always with good intention. Said from the image that associates with the foreign business circle public figure, the attire must be appropriate. Gentleman's sleeve curls up, but do not draw out the elbow department, when first with person contact, must give the human gravely on the attire by, the serious feeling. Woman's image, discusses according to the Western legitimate commercial ritual, then cannot put on the dew chest, the transparent overalls and the miniskirt, opens the vent or wears the hit to have the sound decorations. when and Western business circle public figure face-to-face talk, do not too press opposite party the experience. Met with a Western woman, certainly must ask woman to sit first, then from has only then taken a seat; Rides in a carriage or the elevator with woman, certainly must let woman advance. Associates with the Japanese merchants, generally must clarify the contact direct object first, delivers the name card, then looks for the opportunity to discuss again one time, as soon as will not want the wild hope to meet will discuss matter of the service. In the commercial world, the senior is higher than the young status, the buyer is higher than the seller status. If expresses best wishes mutually with the Japanese, should better adopt the form which bows mutually. Certainly must pay attention, the depth which bows is respects the depth mutually the code number. Associates with the Japanese merchants, when they said when “is”, means in no way was “has agreed”, but referred to having understood your words, the Japanese rejected other people, commonly used “I must think that” replaced “not” the character. In the West, the termination commercial contact cuts off the relational letter with one is one kind of politeness behavior. However, the letter must be fastidious from the paper to writing. Because in the westerner eye, the inexpensive letter paper will not welcome opposite party to trust. The use commercial letter paper, should print on own name, the address, the telephone number and so on. Discusses the service with the overseas merchant, must reach agreement ahead of time, cannot go rashly. In westerner's etiquette, after does not reach agreement to visit others is disrespectful. Generally said that wants to visit a big company or the merchant, should several day of notice opposite party, be supposed 5 110 minutes to arrive ahead of time at the appointed time ahead of time. When visits finished, often by the status high person puts forward the conclusion proposal. If receives the foreign guest, certainly must leave the office entrance in the conclusion evacuation, showed the respect. In addition, but may also let secretary guide sends out. business people's person part times spent to open the board of directors and at the department meeting. With the foreign joint capital, must certainly attend all person conference with every effort, and must obey president's arrangement at the meeting. If has the different opinions, may when speaks in turn expounded that prohibits is irresponsible in word and deed. With the alien merchant, is the important merchant associates by it, the discussion important service, needs to pay attention to the reportage surely the situation. When has not 。

3.中外礼仪差异及原因分析

1、称谓称呼方面 在西方，称呼是比较笼统的，一个称呼可以涵盖中国很多称呼。

2、交际语言方面 中国人通常是见面点头致意，握手或行拱手礼，微微欠身然后握手，而西方人认为欠身显得自卑，拥抱是最常见的见面礼与道别礼，亲吻礼与吻手礼也较为常见3，宴请方面 酒文化在中国由来已久，被视为做生意，交朋友等社交场合不可或缺的。酒杯不空茶水不满。

在西方，通常喝啤酒、葡萄酒，不喜欢劝酒。在中国，宴会喜欢共桌共菜，西方则认为不合卫生，实行分餐制。

中国人宴请时，觥筹交错，歌舞升平。西方则要求少声响少动作，用餐程序较多。

4，禁忌习俗 中国人不喜欢说4，因为与“死”同音，认为8、6吉利，偏向于双数，追求成双成对。西方人不喜欢13。

5，日常行为习惯 在中国，人们对个人隐私的界限远没有这么深刻，人们并不会在意别人对自己的生活作一般了解。日常生活中，中国人拜访他人表示热忱。

而西方人在拜访前，要跟这人预约，突然造访会造成受访者不快，因为会打乱别人的工作安排。西方人比较忌讳别人探听其隐私。

中国人比较热情，愿意帮助他人，喜欢询问别人可有什么帮忙。提要 本文从中西方礼仪文化在见面、谈吐、馈赠、用餐等方面表现出不同的礼仪形态，探讨不同民族的思维方式、价值观念差异和风俗习惯。

关键词：礼仪；馈赠；思维方式；价值观中图分类号：G115 文献标识码：A 礼仪是在人际交往中，以一定的、约定俗成的方式来表现的律己敬人的过程。古人云：“人无礼则不立，事无礼则不成，国无礼则不宁”。

中国具有五千年文明史，素有“礼仪之邦”之称，中国人也以其彬彬有礼的风貌而著称于世。然而，在全球经济一体化的背景下，随着跨国交往的日益增多，中西方礼仪文化的差异越发明显，这种差异带来的影响也不容忽视，如果不了解西方的礼仪风俗和传统习惯，就有可能会引起误会，导致交际无法进行，因此，在中西礼仪没有得到完美融合之前，我们势必要了解一些礼仪的差异。

一、中西方文化背景下礼仪的差异 （一）见面礼仪的差异 1、见面时的打招呼礼仪。打招呼是人际交往中最为平常的事情，是联络感情的手段，沟通心灵的方式，增进友谊的纽带，所以，绝对不能轻视和小看。

见面时打招呼既表示亲切、友好，也是一个人内在修养程度高低的重要标志。在招呼语的表达上，中国人大多使用“吃饭了吗？”“你干什么去？”“今天不用上班呀？”等涉及个人生活的语句来体现人与人之间的亲切感与关心。

可在西方发达国家，基本上没有这种招呼语，因为这些是属于个人的隐私，因为在西方人看来“我到哪里去”、“我忙什么”是我自己的事，别人无权干涉，往往有管闲事和窥视隐私的误解，他们不希望别人过多地干涉自己的私事。在西方国家见面打招呼是很自然的，他们只说一声“Hello”，或者说声“早上好”、“下午好”、“晚上好”就可以了。

打招呼的目的，并不是为了要跟对方有进一步的交往，只不过是一种礼仪形式。因此，在西方国家旅游的时候，如果迎面而来的人对我们说“Hello！”，别露出一副莫名其妙的表情，甚至置之不理，那可就非常失礼了。

2、见面致意礼仪。见面礼仪是日常社交礼仪中最常用和最基本的礼仪，而握手礼是当今国际交往中运用最广泛、最频繁的一种致意礼仪。

在中西方不同文化环境下，握手的时机、握手的形式、握手的要领及握手的禁忌基本相同，其最大区别在于握手时伸手顺序的不同。从握手礼的实施顺序看，在一般的社交场合，中方文化通常应遵循两个优先：即长者优先和女士优先。

而西方文化着重强调的是女士优先，妇女在各种场合均应受到特别的尊重和照顾，因而在介绍时通常要把男士介绍给女士，但16岁以下的女子没有这个优先权。除了握手礼，吻礼也是盛行于西方的一种见面致意礼节，包括亲吻礼、拥抱礼和吻手礼。

这三种吻礼在日常交往中常用，但是在商务往来一般不使用，其中吻手礼是流行于欧美上流社会异性之间的一种最高层次的见面礼，适合于已婚女士。 （二）谈吐礼仪的差异 1、称呼礼仪。

称呼是人际交往中比较重要的礼节，关乎个人修养，社会和谐，文明高雅，但是称呼在日常生活中问题也不少，而且中外称呼习惯不完全一样。在我国，人们在称呼自己时，习惯说“本人”或“鄙人”，而称呼他人时则习惯称“您”，在西方称呼对方时不分“您”和“你”，都是“you”或者“阁下”。

在我国，人们习惯称呼职务、官衔等，并与其姓连在一起，如张局（长）、赵总（经理）、李教授等。在西方国家，同我们不一样，不习惯把官衔、职务、职业与姓名连在一起，想要强调他的部长、总统身份时，只称“部长先生”、“总统先生”。

中西有些称呼完全一样，如先生、女士、小姐等，但是，我国特有的一些称呼，不能随意移植到西方去，如大爷、叔叔、大妈、同志、师傅以及老XX、XX老、小XX等，因为像老张、吴老等称呼在我国有亲切与尊敬之意，而在西方，西方人往往直呼其名，即便是长辈亲人也是如此，这表明西方比较崇尚平等、自由，人们却忌讳“老”字，因为在他们看来，老是虚弱、没本事、不中用的代名词，称别。

4.中外见面礼仪对比

The international commerce etiquette is only in the entire worldwide scale, one kind of general commercial contact standard and rule. The different country needs to pay attention to the different manners and customs and the etiquette custom, the Chinese and foreign is able to discriminate, outside outside is able to discriminate. Below will chat from the commercial etiquette and various countries' commerce's angle, international commerce etiquette's civilized etiquette knowledge. Because of the job requirement, some people must do frequently with the foreign business circle. The commercial world public relations and the ordinary public relations' difference lies, has the strict rank relations and the regular meeting and the active way. , The person concerned must pay attention to oneself behavior the etiquette. “, if a person instinct odd and likes arguing, cannot make a clear distinction between right and wrong, then does not have what help to him. Therefore, a manner perfect merchant's quality, should be understood that others do need with the condition, how to understand to higher authority's instruction and the subordinate complaint or the objection.”((UK) Egypt. Uncle. Donald: "Modern West Etiquette" the 12th chapter) The commercial world public figure is fastidious about the behavior manner and the psychological bearing capacity, a successful merchant image lofty is always with good intention. Said from the image that associates with the foreign business circle public figure, the attire must be appropriate. Gentleman's sleeve curls up, but do not draw out the elbow department, when first with person contact, must give the human gravely on the attire by, the serious feeling. Woman's image, discusses according to the Western legitimate commercial ritual, then cannot put on the dew chest, the transparent overalls and the miniskirt, opens the vent or wears the hit to have the sound decorations. when and Western business circle public figure face-to-face talk, do not too press opposite party the experience. Met with a Western woman, certainly must ask woman to sit first, then from has only then taken a seat; Rides in a carriage or the elevator with woman, certainly must let woman advance. Associates with the Japanese merchants, generally must clarify the contact direct object first, delivers the name card, then looks for the opportunity to discuss again one time, as soon as will not want the wild hope to meet will discuss matter of the service. In the commercial world, the senior is higher than the young status, the buyer is higher than the seller status. If expresses best wishes mutually with the Japanese, should better adopt the form which bows mutually. Certainly must pay attention, the depth which bows is respects the depth mutually the code number. Associates with the Japanese merchants, when they said when “is”, means in no way was “has agreed”, but referred to having understood your words, the Japanese rejected other people, commonly used “I must think that” replaced “not” the character. In the West, the termination commercial contact cuts off the relational letter with one is one kind of politeness behavior. However, the letter must be fastidious from the paper to writing. Because in the westerner eye, the inexpensive letter paper will not welcome opposite party to trust. The use commercial letter paper, should print on own name, the address, the telephone number and so on. Discusses the service with the overseas merchant, must reach agreement ahead of time, cannot go rashly. In westerner's etiquette, after does not reach agreement to visit others is disrespectful. Generally said that wants to visit a big company or the merchant, should several day of notice opposite party, be supposed 5 110 minutes to arrive ahead of time at the appointed time ahead of time. When visits finished, often by the status high person puts forward the conclusion proposal. If receives the foreign guest, certainly must leave the office entrance in the conclusion evacuation, showed the respect. In addition, but may also let secretary guide sends out. business people's person part times spent to open the board of directors and at the department meeting. With the foreign joint capital, must certainly attend all person conference with every effort, and must obey president's arrangement at the meeting. If has the different opinions, may when speaks in turn expounded that prohibits is irresponsible in word and deed. With the alien merchant, is the important merchant associates by it, the discussion important service, needs to pay attention to the reportage surely the situation. When has not di。

5.中西方礼仪的差异

中西方礼仪的差异有称谓的差异、餐饮礼仪的差异、服饰礼仪的差异。

一、称谓的差异

1、中国：在汉语里，通常只有彼此熟悉亲密的人之间才可以“直呼其名”。中国的传统文化十分重视家庭关系，亲属间称谓语大都能把身份、辈分、亲疏关系表明得一览无余。

2、西方：在西方，人们见面时喜欢直呼其名，这是亲切友好的表示，纵使交谈之初可能互相用姓称呼，但过一会儿就改称名字。西方文化崇尚个人主义，强调独立的个性，家庭观念不如我们强烈，因此亲属称谓不如汉语复杂。

二、餐饮礼仪的差异

1、中国：在中国，从古至今大多都以左为尊，在宴请客人时，要将地位很尊贵的客人安排在左边的上座，然后依次安排。

2、西方：在西方则是以右为尊， 男女间隔而座，夫妇也分开而座，女宾客的席位比男宾客的席位稍高，男士要替位于自己右边的女宾客拉开椅子，以示对女士的尊重。

三、服饰礼仪的差异

1、中国：在中国传统服饰的色彩上，汉族视青、红、皂、白、黄等五种颜色为“正色”不同朝代也各有崇尚，一般是夏黑、商白、周赤、秦黑、汉赤，唐服色黄，旗帜赤，到了明代，定以赤色为宜。但从唐代以后，黄色曾长期被视为尊贵的颜色，往往天子权贵才能穿用。

2、西方：在西方，在罗马时代最流行的色彩是白色与紫色，白色是纯洁、正直、神圣的象征，更是一种魅力的代表，所以西方人均喜欢用白色作为新娘的婚纱礼服。

在英国，黑色被认为是神秘、高贵的色彩，但西方有时也会被用于沉默，不吉利或者悲哀的丧服，所以，黑色有意想不到的复杂和强烈感。