制药的论文中英文(制药英语作文1000字,有药学的英语作文)

1.制药英语作文1000字,有药学的英语作文

Surfactants may affect drug dissolution in an unpredictable fashion. Low concentrations of surfactants lower the surface tension and increase the rate of drug dissolution, whereas higher concentrations of surfactants tend to form micelles with the drug and thus decrease the dissolution rate.

表面活性剂可以影响药物溶出是一种不可预测的方式，低浓度的表面活性剂降低表面张力和提高溶出率，然而高浓度的表面活性剂趋于与药物形成胶团，因此降低药物溶出速率。

Introduction of Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are polyanionic molecules of high molecular weight. These polymers are composed of sequence of subunits or nucleotides so that the whole is usually termed a polynucleotide. The nucleic acids are of two main varieties, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA). DNA is found primarily in the chromatin to the cell nucleus, whereas 90% of RNA is present in the cell cytoplasm and 10% in the nucleolus. The two classes of nucleic acids are distinguished primary on basis of the five-carbon atom sugar of pentose present. Two general kinds of bases are found in all nucleic acids. One type is a derivative of the parent compound purine. Principle examples are guanine and adenine. The second class of bases found in all nucleic acid is derived from the parent compound pyrimidine.

介绍核酸

核酸是超高分子量聚阴离子分子。这些聚合物组成，亚基或核苷酸，使整个通常称为多核苷酸序列。核酸有两种，主要品种核糖核酸（RNA）和脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）的。 DNA是主要存在于细胞核内的染色质，而90%的RNA在细胞质现在和10%的核仁。核酸类的两个主要的区别在于对目前的五个戊糖碳原子的糖基础。一般两个种基地发现，在所有核酸。一类是母体化合物嘌呤的衍生物。原理是鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的例子。在所有发现核酸碱基第二类是来自母体化合物嘧啶。

2.找一篇制药方面的英文翻译成中文

FDA Ends Ban on Silicone ImplantsSafety Concerns Led to '92 MoratoriumBy David Brown and Christopher LeeWashington Post Staff WritersSaturday, November 18, 2006; Page A01The Food and Drug Administration ended its 14-year ban on the cosmetic use of silicone breast implants yesterday, despite lingering safety concerns from some health advocates.The FDA is requiring that manufacturers tell women that the implants "are not lifetime devices" and that most recipients will need at least one additional surgery to remove or replace their implants. The agency is requiring the makers, Mentor Corp. and Allergan Inc., to conduct an extensive study of at least 40,000 implant recipients over the next decade and provide their findings to the government.Lean Plate Club E-MailSally SquiresBuild healthy living habits for the long haul, with recipes, exercise ideas and the latest dietary guidelines.See the Latest Newsletter and Sign UpWho's Blogging?Read what bloggers are saying about this article. * Carnell Knowledge * ThisCanadian * Women's Bioethics BlogFull List of Blogs (16 links) »Most Blogged About ArticlesOn washingtonpost.com | On the webSave & Share Article What's This?DiggGoogledel.icio.usYahoo!RedditFacebookMore than 264,000 women had breast implant surgery last year with saltwater-filled devices, whose availability was never limited. Medical experts predict that yesterday's approval will increase that number because silicone-gel implants, which are considered more natural and appealing, will prove popular. The FDA is allowing the devices for breast augmentation for women who are least 22 years old and for all breast-reconstruction patients.Silicone implants were first marketed more than 30 years ago, but a moratorium was placed on them in 1992 after many women who had received them reported pain, deformity and serious illness caused when the implants ruptured or leaked. At the time, the FDA concluded there was "inadequate information to demonstrate that breast implants were safe and effective." A major implant manufacturer, Dow Corning Corp., was pushed into bankruptcy because of lawsuits stemming from the problematic devices.Michael Ball, president of Allergan, said that "science has prevailed here" and added: "The FDA set an extremely high bar for approval. . . . There's a huge body of scientific data there."He said the worldwide market for breast implants is $540 million annually and has grown less than 10 percent a year, but he expects double-digit growth now.Critics were disappointed by the FDA's decision, which had been expected for months.Diana Zuckerman, president of the National Research Center for Women and Families, said the approval was the product of corporate lobbying rather than good science.Zuckerman, a former Capitol Hill staffer who has worked on breast implant safety issues for more than 15 years, said too little is known about the long-term health risks of the implants. She said what is known indicates that some women will experience joint pain, chronic fatigue and leakage.In recent years, the FDA has allowed silicone implants only for women whose breasts were reconstructed after cancer or trauma. At the same time, the FDA, the manufacturers and many academic researchers gathered data on the devices."The extensive body of scientific evidence provides reasonable assurance of the benefits and risks of these devices," said Daniel G. Schultz, director of the FDA's center for devices and radiological health.The National Academy of Sciences' Institute of Medicine reviewed many studies and concluded that there was no convincing evidence that leaking silicone led to autoimmune diseases or cancer, as some researchers had feared. But less severe complications were common.。

3.英文翻译（论文摘要部分）生物医药产业在我国属于高新技术产业范

The biological medicine industry in China is categorized as a high and new technology industry, attracting the attention of numerous investors by its lucrative future outlook。

The national biological medicine industry has a relatively late start。 At present, there are only a few companies engaged in biological medicine as their primary business, and the whole industry is still at a phase of being cultivated。

This essay is primarily based on the key financial data of Beihai Guofa Marine Biological Industry Holding Co。, Ltd (BGMBIHC), conducts a full and systematic analysis over the company's financial status and its comprehensive financial capabilities, and attempts to understand from a financial perspective the causes for the financial results and issues behind them。

This essay is composed of four sections。 Section One is a general analysis and overview of the backgrounds of the nation's biological medicine industry and the BGMBIHC respectively。

Section Two provides calculating analyses on key financial indicators including solvency, operational capacity, profitability and growth capability, points out existing issues at BGMBIHC, and offers rational suggestions。 Section Three is a Du Pont Analysis。

And Section Four is conclusion。

4.纳米材料在生物医药中的应用的中,英文文献各5篇,急

纳米生物医药材料包括纳米生物医用材料、纳米药物及药物的纳米化技术。

纳米材料与技术在生物医药材料上有广泛的应用前景。1994年10月在第二届国际纳米材料学术会议上美国普林斯顿大学一位教授在邀请报告中乐观地估计，纳米材料在21世界很可能成为生物医药材料的核心材料，这是因为生物体的骨骼、牙齿等都发现有纳米结构如纳米磷灰石的存在；贝壳、甲虫壳、珊瑚等天然材料具有特别优异的力学性能，它们是上被某种有机黏合剂连接的有序排列的纳米碳酸钙颗粒构成的。

颗粒在1~100mm范围内的材料被称为纳米材料，纳米颗粒的粒径比毛细血管通路还小1~2个数量级，因而可用磁性纳米材料定向载体，通过磁性导航系统将药物输到病变部位释放，增强疗效，被称为“生物导弹”；特殊的纳米粒子还可进入细胞内部结构从而达到基因治疗的目的。作为药物的载体，纳米材料在生物医药领域尽可一展身手，纳为微粒在控制药物释放中具有重要的作用；而将给米微粒与其他材料相复合制成多种多样的复合材料更可以产生许多新奇的优良特性。

药物的纳米化有利于药物被肌体的吸收或靶向控制释放，大幅提高药物的生物利用度。简而言之，纳米生物医药材料就是纳米材料和纳米技术与生物医用材料和药物的交叉。

开展纳米生物医药材料的研究无疑将会为人类社会的进步做出巨大的贡献。 Nano-materials, bio-medicine, including bio-medical nano-materials, nano-drug and drug-nanometer technology. Nano-materials and technology in biomedical materials on a wide range of applications. In October 1994 at the Second International Symposium on nano-materials, Princeton University Professor at the invitation of a report optimistic that the 21 nano-materials in the world is likely to become a biomedical materials at the core material, which is due to biological Body of bone, teeth, have found that nano-structures, such as the existence of nano-apatite; shells, beetle shells, coral, and other natural materials, in particular with excellent mechanical properties, which are being connected to some kind of organic adhesive and orderly arranged Nano-particles consisting of calcium carbonate. 1 ~ 100mm particles in the range of material known as nano-materials, nano-size particles smaller than the capillary channel 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, which can be used magnetic nano-materials targeted vector through magnetic navigation system will be lost to the drug lesion Release to enhance the efficacy, referred to as "biological missile"; special nanoparticles can enter the cells of the internal structure so as to achieve the purpose of gene therapy. As a drug carrier, nano-materials in the biomedical field of a possible test their abilities, satisfied for the control of particles in drug delivery plays an important role; meters and will have with other particles made of composite materials with a wide variety of composite materials can be more Many new characteristics of the fine. Nano-based drugs will help the body's absorption of the drug was targeted or controlled release, a substantial increase in drug bioavailability. In short, biomedical nano-materials and nano-materials is nano-technology and bio-medical materials and medicines cross. Nano-materials to carry out biomedical research in human society would no doubt have made great progress.。

5.有关生物制药专业的毕业论文3000字

生物制药的研究与发展（生物技术论文）摘 要：生物技术已经深入中药研究和开发的各个领域，在科技高速发展的现代社会里，中药要想存在就必须实行现代化，因此生物制药在制药行业就显得尤为重要，而发展生物制药将会形成一个大的趋势关键词：生物制药；研究；发展Abstract:Biotechnology has been widely used in the research and development of chinese medicine on all side.In the high development of sciences,especially modern society,only by being modern,can the chinese medcine exits.So the biology pharmacy becomes more importment in the pharmsncy industry and developing biology phsrmsry will be a big trend.Key words:biology phsrmsry; rearch; development。

6.跪求制药的论文 急 ~

现代生物技术制药研究及展望 摘要：现代生物技术制药工业始于1971年，现已创造出35个重要治疗药物，全球大约有2500多家公司，主要产品有重组蛋白质药品、重组疫苗和诊断、治疗用的单克隆机体三大类。

我国自80年代开始进行现 代生物技术药品的研究和开发，到1998年7月底，我国已有近200多个现代生物技术制药企业，已有14种 现代生物技术药品和疫苗投产，已经批准进入临床的有近10种药，正在进行临床前研究的有10多种。在 采用现代生物技术改造传统生物技术制药产业方面已取得初步成果。

但我国生物技术诊断试剂、酶工程 、动植物细胞工程医药产品、现代生物技术支撑技术、后处理技术和制剂技术等方面与国外还存在差距 。其中不重视中试放大过程是影响我国生物技术产业化发展的一个很重要的原因。

关键词：生物技术制药 生物技术的应用 生物技术发展 生物药物研究进展 生物技术药物（biotech drugs）或称生物药物（biopharmaceutics）是集生物学、医学、药学的先进 技术为一体，以组合化学、药学基因（功能抗原学、生物信息学等高技术为依托，以分子遗传学、分子 生物、生物物理等基础学科的突破为后盾形成的产业。现在，世界生物制药技术的产业化已进入投资收 获期，生物技术药品已应用和渗透到医药、保健食品和日化产品等各个领域，尤其在新药研究、开发、生产和改造传统制药工业中得到日益广泛的应用，生物制药产业已成为最活跃、进展最快的产业之一。

有些学者认为，20世纪的科学技术是以物理学和化学的成就占主导地位，而21世纪的科学技术是以生物 学的成就占主导地位。无论这种说法是否得到普遍的认同，生物技术是当今高技术中发展最快的领域似 乎是不争的事实。

科学家预测，生命科学到2015年会取得革命性进展。这些进展可以帮助人类解决很多 目前无法医治的疾病的治疗问题，彻底消除营养不良，改善食品的生产方式，消除各种污染，延长人类 寿命，提高生命质量，为社会安全和刑侦提供新的手段。

有些成果还可以帮助人类加速植物和动物的人 工进化以及改善生态环境对人类的影响等。产生新的有机生命的研究也会取得进展。

1.生物制药现状 目前生物制药主要集中在以下几个方向： 1 肿瘤 在全世界肿瘤死亡率居首位，美国每年诊断为肿瘤的患者为100万，死于肿瘤者达54.7 万。用于肿瘤的治疗费用1020亿美元。

肿瘤是多机制的复杂疾病，目前仍用早期诊断、放疗、化疗等综 合手段治疗。今后10年抗肿瘤生物药物会急剧增加。

如应用基因工程抗体抑制肿瘤，应用导向IL-2受体 的融合毒素治疗CTCL肿瘤，应用基因治疗法治疗肿瘤（如应用γ-干扰素基因治疗骨髓瘤）。基质金属蛋白 酶抑制剂（TNMPs）可抑制肿瘤血管生长，阻止肿瘤生长与转移。

这类抑制剂有可能成为广谱抗肿瘤治疗剂 ，已有3种化合物进入临床试验。2 神经退化性疾病 老年痴呆症、帕金森氏病、脑中风及脊椎外伤的生物技术药物治疗，胰岛素生长 因子rhIGF-1已进入Ⅲ期临床。

神经生长因子（NGF）和BDNF（脑源神经营养因子）用于治疗末稍神经炎，肌 萎缩硬化症，均已进入Ⅲ期临床。 美国每年有中风患者60万，死于中风的人数达15万。

中风症的有效防治药物不多，尤其是可治疗不 可逆脑损伤的药物更少，Cerestal已证明对中风患者的脑力能有明显改善和稳定作用，现已进入Ⅲ期临 床。Genentech的溶栓活性酶（Activase重组tPA）用于中风患者治疗，可以消除症状30%。

3 自身免疫性疾病 许多炎症由自身免疫缺陷引起，如哮喘、风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症、红斑狼疮等。风湿性关节炎患者多于4000万，每年医疗费达上千亿美元，一些制药公司正在积极攻克这 类疾病。

如 Genentech公司研究一种人源化单克隆抗体免疫球蛋白E用于治疗哮喘，已进入Ⅱ期临 床；Cetor′s公司研制一种TNF-α抗体用于治疗风湿性关节炎，有效率达80%。Chiron公司的β-干扰素用 于治疗多发性硬化病。

还有的公司在应用基因疗法治疗糖尿病，如将胰岛素基因导入患者的皮肤细胞，再将细胞注入人体，使工程细胞产生全程胰岛素供应。 4 冠心病 美国有100万人死于冠心病，每年治疗费用高于1 170亿美元。

今后10年，防治冠心 病的药物将是制药工业的重要增长点。Centocor′s Reopro公司应用单克隆抗体治疗冠心病的心绞痛和 恢复心脏功能取得成功，这标志着一种新型冠心病治疗药物的延生。

基因组科学的建立与基因操作技术的日益成熟，使基因治疗与基因测序技术的商业化成为可能，正在达 到未来治疗学的新高度。转基因技术用于构造转基因植物和转基因动物，已逐渐进入产业阶段，用转基 因绵羊生产蛋白酶抑制剂ATT，用于治疗肺气肿和囊性纤维变性，已进入Ⅱ，Ⅲ期临床。

大量的研究成果 表明转基因动、植物将成为未来制药工业的另一个重要发展领域。 2.生物制药展望 今后10年生物技术将对当代重大疾病治疗剂创造更多的有效药物，并在所有前沿性的医学领域形成 新领域。

目前热门的药物生物技术如下：表1 热门药物生物技术 技 术 新颖性 技 术 新颖性 组合化学 成熟领域 前导物综合鉴定技术 新生技术 药学基因组科学 发展领域 核糖酶 新生技术。

7.全英语论文3000字

Published in 1847, WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a failure. It was not until 1850, when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked back. Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English literature. Even so, WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide readers. It is not a pretty love story; rather, it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark madness. It is cruel, violent, dark and brooding, and many people find it extremely unpleasant. And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design, a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel written. The novel is told in the form of an extended flashback. After a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans, a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering Heights. It was once a cheerful place, but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named Heathcliff. And Catherine, daughter of the house, found in him the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as she. But although Catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social station. She instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them all. WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off-putting. But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way, setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature, a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two generations. Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable, both vicious and cruel, and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the other. As the novel coils further into alcoholism, seduction, and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff, driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave, hearing her calling to him from the moors, escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade, so that she may never leave his mind until death itself. Yes, this is madness, insanity, and there is no peace this side of the grave or even beyond. Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect companion.Some of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is like.This kind of situation often leads to separation or hostility. Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, etc. Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive relationships. Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and jealousy. Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive relationships. Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his father. This separation continued until after Mr. Earnshaw had died.Another example is between Hindley and Hareton. Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young Hareton. This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as well. One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son Linton.Heathcliff did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his revenge. This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his son. Linton even says "。

my father threatened me, and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about Heathcliff.The hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their children. This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each other. This had happened between Isabella and Heathcliff. Isabella did not really 。